诺贝尔获奖者 有哪些宗教信仰 ？

无神论者，不可知论者和自由思想者占诺贝尔奖获得者总数的10.5％；但在文学类别中，这些偏好急剧上升到大约35％。可以推测，后者有更大的驱动，要完全摆脱任何形式的宗教依恋，以便他们可以更好地表达普世观念。
Atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers comprise 10.5% of total Nobel Prize winners; but in the category of Literature, these preferences rise sharply to about 35%. It can be speculated that the latter have a greater urge to be totally free of any formal religious attachments so that they can better express universal ideas.

涉及宗教的一个引人注目的事实是，犹太信仰的获奖者人数众多，占诺贝尔奖总数的20％（138）；包括：化学分别占17％，医学和物理学占26％，经济学占40％，和平与文学占11％。鉴于只有大约1300万人（占世界人口的0.2％）是犹太人，这一数字令人震惊。相比之下，只有5位诺贝尔奖获得者是穆斯林信仰，占诺贝尔奖总数的0.8％，来自大约12亿（穆斯林）人口（占世界人口的20％）。
A striking fact involving religion is the high number of Laureates of the Jewish faith-over 20% of total Nobel Prizes (138); including: 17% in Chemistry, 26% in Medicine and Physics, 40% in Economics and 11 % in Peace and Literature each. The numbers are especially startling in light of the fact that only some 13 million people (0.2% of the world's population) are Jewish. By contrast, only 5 Nobel Laureates have been of the Muslim faith-0.8% of total number of Nobel prizes awarded-from a population base of about 1.2 billion (20% of the world's population) .

这么少犹太人怎么能产生那么多诺贝尔奖获得者？一种解释，可能是在没有家园的情况下，成为少数族裔会产生非凡的追求卓越的愿望。在欧洲数百年来，犹太人被禁止定居为农民。他们只被允许参加商业和教育。结果，为重要人物服务的医生可以使自己免遭驱逐出境。相同的传统一直延续到今天。
How can such a few number of Jews produce so many Nobel prize winners? One explanation may be the effect of being a minority without out a homeland producing an extraordinary desire to excel. Jewish people were not allowed to settle down as farmers for hundreds of years in Europe; they were only permitted to participate in commerce and education. As a result, doctors serving important people could save themselves from deportation. The same tradition continues to the present day.
犹太诺贝尔奖获得者人数不成比例的另一种解释，是与多年来对犹太人的迫害有关，在第二次世界大战期间达到顶峰。仅大屠杀就夺走了将近一半的犹太民族的生命。如果有大脑迁移的证据，则可以说达尔文仅适者生存的原则可能已经起作用。话说，大屠杀和大屠杀迫使人们为了更好地适应而进行了基因选择，这比任何其他信仰都要激烈得多。
Another additional explanation of the disproportionate number of Jewish Nobel Laureates is related to persecution of Jews over the years, culminating during World War II. The Holocaust, alone, claimed nearly half of the Jewish nation. Given the evidence of the brain migration, it can be argued that Darwin's principle of the survival of only the fittest may have been at work. In other words, pogroms and the Holocaust forced a genetic selection for the better fit, which was much more drastic than for any other faith.
还应指出，代表世界近一半犹太人口的以色列地的犹太人口，在任何科学类别中都没有产生过诺贝尔奖获得者。人们认为，原因与基础科学研究中财政援助的重要性有关。以色列仍在从事战争和安全问题，无力投资发展基础科学研究所需的全部资金。另一方面，像以色列这样的国家倾向于坚持更实际的研究方向，例如，以色列在高科技产业中居世界第二位。
It should also be noted that the Jewish population in Israel, representing nearly half of the world's Jewish population, has not produced any Nobel Laureates in any of the scientific categories. It is thought that the reason has to do with the importance of financial aid for basic scientific research. Israel is still engaged in wars and security problems and cannot afford to invest the sums required to develop all that is required to compete in basic scientific research. On the other hand, a country such as Israel is prone to stick to more practical aspects of research, e.g., Israel holds the second place in the world in high-tech industry.

维基百科对上面图表作了如下统计，基督徒诺贝尔奖获得者列表（List of Christian Nobel laureates）【2】：

Physics（物理学奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 65.3% of Physics Nobel prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.

Chemistry（化学奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 72.5% of Chemistry Nobel prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.

Medicine（医学奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 62% of Medicine Nobel prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.

Literature（文学奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 49.5% of Literature Nobel Prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.

Peace（和平奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 78.3% of Peace Nobel Prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.

Economics（经济学奖）: In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 54.0% of Economics Nobel Prize winners were either Christians or had a Christian background.